1.Identify the topology:

(a) Is the feedback signal Xf a voltage or a current signal? i.e. is Xf applied in series or in shunt with external excitation?

(b) Is the sampled signal Xo a voltage or a current signal? i.e, is Xo taken at the output node or from the output current loop?

2. Separate feedback network from basic amplifier, A, and find Input & Output resistance, R𝛽i & R𝛽o, of feedback circuit and also, feedback factor,𝛽 , from feedback circuit. Detail

3. Draw the basic amplifier circuit without feedback network but with R𝛽i & R𝛽o obtained in step 2. Detail

4. Use a Theveninʹs equivalent source input if the feedback signal Xf is a voltage or a Nortonʹs equivalent source if Xf is a current. 

5. Replace each active device in Aʹ circuit by a proper model (i.e. h‐ parameter or hybrid‐p model) and evaluate amplifer gain Aʹ of the Aʹ circuit with R𝛽i & R𝛽o included. Also, find the Input & Output resistance of the Aʹ circuit (Ri & Ro)

6. From (i) amplifier gain, Aʹ with feedback network I/O resistance & (ii) feedback factor,𝛽. Find Af, Rif & Rof

• Af = Aʹ/(1+ A‘𝛽)

• Rif = (1+Aʹ𝛽) Ri {series mixing ‐ V}

• Rif = Ri / (1+Aʹ𝛽) {shunt mixing ‐ I}

• Rof = (1+Aʹ𝛽) Ro {series sampling ‐ I}

• Rof = Ro / (1+Aʹ𝛽) {shunt sampling ‐ V}